What Hubble confirmed
NASA says Hubble images reveal a large, regular ten-sided atmospheric wave encircling Saturn's south pole. It is the first such regular-sided jet pattern observed in the planet's southern hemisphere and resembles—but is not identical to—the long-lived hexagon at Saturn's north pole.
A pattern forming over time
Researchers combined Hubble observations dating to 2023 with ground-based images. Amateur and professional observers noticed a subtle wave in 2024, stronger hints appeared in 2025, and Hubble's sharp multi-wavelength views confirmed that the structure extends through several atmospheric layers.
Why it matters
Watching a giant atmospheric pattern emerge gives researchers a rare test of how powerful jet streams organize themselves on gas giants. The work also shows why repeated observations matter: a single image might miss a slow change that becomes obvious across several years.
Confirmed versus uncertain
Confirmed: the decagon is present, spans multiple atmospheric layers, and appears to be strengthening. Uncertain: scientists do not yet know what triggered it, whether it will stabilize like the northern hexagon, or how long it will survive. Continued Hubble, Webb, and computer-model studies are planned.
Sources
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